{"id":2462,"date":"2022-05-25T13:23:20","date_gmt":"2022-05-25T12:23:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/heartofarabiaexpedition.com\/?page_id=2462"},"modified":"2022-09-15T17:07:04","modified_gmt":"2022-09-15T16:07:04","slug":"science","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/heartofarabiaexpedition.com\/ar\/science\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2462\" class=\"elementor elementor-2462\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2a60c5ce elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-id=\"2a60c5ce\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-29deb73b\" data-id=\"29deb73b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1aee4d1 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-absolute elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1aee4d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_position&quot;:&quot;absolute&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.19.0 - 05-02-2024 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ca6b4cc elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ca6b4cc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-narrow\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d49f915\" data-id=\"d49f915\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-89230b1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"89230b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.19.0 - 05-02-2024 *\/\n.elementor-column .elementor-spacer-inner{height:var(--spacer-size)}.e-con{--container-widget-width:100%}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer{width:var(--container-widget-width,var(--spacer-size));--align-self:var(--container-widget-align-self,initial);--flex-shrink:0}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container{height:100%;width:100%}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container>.elementor-spacer,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container>.elementor-spacer{height:100%}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container>.elementor-spacer>.elementor-spacer-inner,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container>.elementor-spacer>.elementor-spacer-inner{height:var(--container-widget-height,var(--spacer-size))}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer.elementor-widget-empty,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer.elementor-widget-empty{position:relative;min-height:22px;min-width:22px}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer.elementor-widget-empty .elementor-widget-empty-icon,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer.elementor-widget-empty .elementor-widget-empty-icon{position:absolute;top:0;bottom:0;left:0;right:0;margin:auto;padding:0;width:22px;height:22px}<\/style>\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff512e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ff512e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.19.0 - 05-02-2024 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p>\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0631\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 <a title=\"\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0644\u0628\u064a\" href=\"https:\/\/heartofarabiaexpedition.com\/ar\/about-philby\/\">\u0641\u0644\u0628\u064a<\/a> \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0636\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0637\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064d \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0623 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062e\u0637\u061b \u0641\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0631\u062b \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0633 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/p><p>\u0641\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0641\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0628\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d. \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sant.ox.ac.uk\/research-centres\/middle-east-centre\">\u0623\u0643\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f<\/a> \u0648 <a href=\"https:\/\/rgs.org\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0635\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645. \u00a0<\/p><p>\u0648\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0634\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0634\u0639\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0628\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629\u064b \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-20a95cd4 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"20a95cd4\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7f80e70f\" data-id=\"7f80e70f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a8abbbe elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6a8abbbe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-726d023 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"726d023\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0634.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-ae44f79 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ae44f79\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-3e67cc9\" data-id=\"3e67cc9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7dd72b3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"7dd72b3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.19.0 - 05-02-2024 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.driftextremes.com\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"765\" height=\"566\" src=\"https:\/\/mlsxlyggzj7h.i.optimole.com\/cb:6F7F~3c484\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:mauto\/f:best\/https:\/\/heartofarabiaexpedition.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Nathan-Research-Paper.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2471\" alt=\"\" sizes=\"100vw\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-0032737\" data-id=\"0032737\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3cd5c89 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3cd5c89\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/wabnet.org\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"525\" src=\"https:\/\/mlsxlyggzj7h.i.optimole.com\/cb:6F7F~3c484\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:mauto\/f:best\/https:\/\/heartofarabiaexpedition.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Bats.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2481\" alt=\"\" sizes=\"100vw\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-b3cc924\" data-id=\"b3cc924\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-166351c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"166351c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/experts.griffith.edu.au\/28674-michael-petraglia)%20\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"950\" height=\"629\" src=\"https:\/\/mlsxlyggzj7h.i.optimole.com\/cb:6F7F~3c484\/w:1024\/h:678\/q:mauto\/f:best\/https:\/\/heartofarabiaexpedition.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/EQ_JCS_23-12-15_1840-77.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2463\" alt=\"\" sizes=\"100vw\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-7680b300 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7680b300\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-5b1f53a2\" data-id=\"5b1f53a2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25d0dab elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"25d0dab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.19.0 - 05-02-2024 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image-box .elementor-image-box-content{width:100%}@media (min-width:768px){.elementor-widget-image-box.elementor-position-left .elementor-image-box-wrapper,.elementor-widget-image-box.elementor-position-right .elementor-image-box-wrapper{display:flex}.elementor-widget-image-box.elementor-position-right .elementor-image-box-wrapper{text-align:right;flex-direction:row-reverse}.elementor-widget-image-box.elementor-position-left .elementor-image-box-wrapper{text-align:left;flex-direction:row}.elementor-widget-image-box.elementor-position-top .elementor-image-box-img{margin:auto}.elementor-widget-image-box.elementor-vertical-align-top .elementor-image-box-wrapper{align-items:flex-start}.elementor-widget-image-box.elementor-vertical-align-middle .elementor-image-box-wrapper{align-items:center}.elementor-widget-image-box.elementor-vertical-align-bottom .elementor-image-box-wrapper{align-items:flex-end}}@media (max-width:767px){.elementor-widget-image-box .elementor-image-box-img{margin-left:auto!important;margin-right:auto!important;margin-bottom:15px}}.elementor-widget-image-box .elementor-image-box-img{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image-box .elementor-image-box-title a{color:inherit}.elementor-widget-image-box .elementor-image-box-wrapper{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image-box .elementor-image-box-description{margin:0}<\/style><div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><h3 class=\"elementor-image-box-title\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\/\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/h3><p class=\"elementor-image-box-description\">\u062d\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0635\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0639\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-34684d9\" data-id=\"34684d9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-222b096 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"222b096\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><h3 class=\"elementor-image-box-title\">\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/h3><p class=\"elementor-image-box-description\">In Saudi Arabia, there are at least 30 species of bats but very little is known on the populations, distribution and ecology in Arabia. Three species of fruit bats occur in Saudi Arabia, and for thousands of years these bats have had a close association with planted fruit trees such as the date palm, a key agricultural crop in Arabia. The date palm itself has had such a significant impact on human activity in Arabia that it has been inscribed on UNESCO\u2019s list as an example of cultural intangible heritage of humanity. <\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-ed515bb\" data-id=\"ed515bb\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-edebca2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"edebca2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><h3 class=\"elementor-image-box-title\">\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0627-  \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h3><p class=\"elementor-image-box-description\">The Green Arabia project, funded by the European Research Council, the Heritage Commission of the Saudi Ministry of Culture and Griffith University in Australia  examines environmental change in the Arabian Desert over the last one million years. The project, headed by Michael Petraglia Director of the Australian Research Centre of Human Evolution is pioneering interdisciplinary archaeological research in Saudi Arabia to study the effect of environmental change. <\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-73032bc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"73032bc\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e7e3f1c\" data-id=\"e7e3f1c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cfdaef7 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"cfdaef7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"http:\/\/heartofarabiaexpedition.com\/ar\/project-1\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 - \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 1<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-54dd178\" data-id=\"54dd178\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d49dc3f elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"d49dc3f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"http:\/\/heartofarabiaexpedition.com\/ar\/project-2\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 - \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 2<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8bf0c87\" data-id=\"8bf0c87\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d4efdd elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"8d4efdd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"http:\/\/heartofarabiaexpedition.com\/ar\/project-3\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 - \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 3<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Science More than a traveller, Philby was a true scholar of Arabia, constantly curious of his surrounding landscape and its people. Even in the harshest of conditions, when exhausted due to hunger, thirst or exasperation Philby was never too tired to take notes and use his instruments to determine location, bearing and temperature. Whilst his &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/heartofarabiaexpedition.com\/ar\/science\/\" class=\"more-link\">Read more<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Science&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":3148,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2462","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/heartofarabiaexpedition.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2462","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/heartofarabiaexpedition.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/heartofarabiaexpedition.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/heartofarabiaexpedition.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/heartofarabiaexpedition.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2462"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/heartofarabiaexpedition.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2462\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/heartofarabiaexpedition.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3148"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/heartofarabiaexpedition.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2462"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}